Types of Cardiac Pacemakers and Their Clinical Applications
Cardiac pacemakers are available in several types, each designed to address specific heart rhythm disorders. The selection of a pacemaker depends on the patient’s condition, symptoms, and overall cardiac function.
Single-chamber pacemakers use one lead to stimulate either the right atrium or right ventricle. These devices are often used in patients with atrial fibrillation accompanied by slow ventricular response.
Dual-chamber pacemakers utilize two leads—one in the atrium and one in the ventricle. This type closely mimics the heart’s natural pacing by coordinating signals between chambers, making it suitable for patients with atrioventricular block.
Biventricular pacemakers, also known as cardiac resynchronization therapy devices, stimulate both ventricles simultaneously. They are commonly used in patients with heart failure and poor ventricular coordination to improve pumping efficiency.
Another advancement is the leadless pacemaker, which is implanted directly into the heart without traditional leads. This reduces the risk of lead-related complications and is suitable for select patients.
Each pacemaker type is programmed to meet individual patient needs. Advances in technology have increased device longevity, adaptability, and patient comfort.